Functions for plotting graphical shapes, colors

Description

Functions for plotting graphical shapes such as ellipses, circles, cylinders, arrows, ...

Support for the book "A practical guide to ecological modelling - using R as a simulation platform" by Karline Soetaert and Peter M.J. Herman (2009). Springer.

Details

This package is used in R-package ecolMod, which includes many more examples.

See also R-package diagram.

Changes in version 1.3.4: more consistent drawing of ellipse and circle segments, (functions getellipse, getcircle), added textflag. (both suggested by Tom Wilson)

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert (Maintainer)

See Also

A4, writelabel, emptyplot, drapecol, femmecol, intpalette, shadepalette, colorlegend, greycol, rotatexy, Arrowhead, Arrows, cylindersegment, filledcylinder, filledcircle, filledellipse, filledmultigonal, filledrectangle, filledshape, getellipse, plotcircle, plotellipse, roundrect, textflag.

Examples

## Not run: 
## show examples (see respective help pages for details)
example(rotatexy)
example(filledshape)

## run demos
demo("colorshapes") # creating colored shapes

## open the directory with source code of demos
browseURL(paste(system.file(package="shape"), "/demo", sep=""))

## show package vignette
vignette("shape")
edit(vignette("shape"))
browseURL(paste(system.file(package="shape"), "/doc", sep=""))

## End(Not run)

opens A4-sized window

Description

opens a graphics window, 8.5 inches wide, 11 inches high

Usage

A4 (...)

Arguments

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

adds arrowheads to a plot

Description

adds one or more arrowheads to a plot; shape is either curved, a triangle, a circle or ellipse.

Usage

Arrowhead(x0, y0, angle = 0, arr.length = 0.4, 
          arr.width = arr.length/2, arr.adj = 0.5, 
          arr.type = "curved", lcol = "black", lty = 1, 
          arr.col = lcol, arr.lwd = 2, npoint = 5, ...)

Arguments

Details

x0, y0, angle, arr.length, arr.width, lcol, lty and arr.col can be a vector, of the same length.

• if arr.adj = 0.5, then the centre of the arrowhead is at the point at which it is drawn.

• arr.adj = 1 causes the tip of the arrowhead to touch the point.

• arr.adj = 0 causes the base of the arrowhead to touch the point.

The type of the arrowhead is set with arr.type which can take the values:

• "triangle": uses filled triangle

• "curved" : draws arrowhead with curved edges

• "circle" : draws circular head (where arr.width=arr.length)

• "ellipse" : draws ellipsoid head

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

Arrows

Examples

emptyplot(main = "Arrowhead")
Arrowhead(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10), angle = runif(10)*360, 
          arr.length = 0.3, arr.type = "circle", arr.col = "green")
Arrowhead(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10), angle = runif(10)*360, 
          arr.length = 0.4, arr.type = "curved", arr.col = "red")
Arrowhead(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10), angle = runif(10)*360, 
          arr.length = runif(10), arr.type = "triangle", 
          arr.col = rainbow(10))

adds arrows with improved arrowhead to a plot

Description

adds one or more arrows to a plot; arrowhead shape is either curved, a triangle, a circle or simple

Usage

Arrows(x0, y0, x1, y1, code = 2, arr.length = 0.4, 
  arr.width = arr.length/2, arr.adj = 0.5, arr.type = "curved",
  segment = TRUE, col = "black", lcol = col, lty = 1, arr.col = lcol, 
  lwd = 1, arr.lwd = lwd, ...)

Arguments

Details

x0, y0, x1, y1, arr.length, arr.width, arr.adj, lcol, lty and arr.col can be a vector, of the same length.

For each 'i', an arrow is drawn between the point '(x0[i], y0[i])' and the point '(x1[i],y1[i])'.

• If code=1 an arrowhead is drawn at '(x0[i],y0[i])'

• if code=2 an arrowhead is drawn at '(x1[i],y1[i])'.

• If code=3 an arrowhead is drawn at both ends of the arrow

• unless arr.length = 0, when no head is drawn.

• If arr.adj = 0.5 then the centre of the arrowhead is at the point at which it is drawn.

• arr.adj = 1 causes the tip of the arrowhead to touch the point.

• arr.adj = 2 causes the base of the arrowhead to touch the point.

The type of the arrowhead is set with arr.type which can take the values:

• "simple" : uses comparable R function arrows

• "triangle": uses filled triangle

• "curved" : draws arrowhead with curved edges

• "circle" : draws circular head

• "ellipse" : draws ellepsoid head

• "T" : draws T-shaped (blunt) head

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

arrows the comparable R function

Arrowhead

Examples

xlim <- c(-5 , 5)
ylim <- c(-10, 10)
plot(0, type = "n", xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, 
     main = "Arrows,  type = 'curved'")
x0 <- runif(100, xlim[1], xlim[2])
y0 <- runif(100, ylim[1], ylim[2])
x1 <- x0+runif(100, -1, 1)
y1 <- y0+runif(100, -1, 1)
Arrows(x0, y0, x1, y1, arr.length = runif(100), code = 2, 
       arr.type = "curved", arr.col = 1:100, lcol = 1:100)
  
plot(0, type = "n", xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, 
     main = "Arrows,  type = 'circle'")
x0 <- runif(100, xlim[1], xlim[2])
y0 <- runif(100, ylim[1], ylim[2])
x1 <- x0 + runif(100, -1, 1)
y1 <- y0 + runif(100, -1, 1)
Arrows(x0, y0, x1, y1, arr.length = 0.2, code = 3, 
       arr.type = "circle", arr.col = "grey")
  
plot(0, type = "n", xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, 
     main = "Arrows,  type = 'ellipse'")
Arrows(x0, y0, x1, y1, arr.length = 0.2, arr.width = 0.5, 
       code = 3, arr.type = "ellipse",  arr.col = "grey")

curve(expr = sin(x), 0, 2*pi+0.25, main = "Arrows")
x  <- seq(0, 2*pi, length.out = 10)
xd <- x + 0.025
Arrows(x, sin(x), xd, sin(xd), type = "triangle", 
       arr.length = 0.5, segment = FALSE)
  
xx <- seq(0, 10*pi, length.out = 1000)
plot(sin(xx)*xx, cos(xx)*xx, type = "l", axes = FALSE, 
     xlab = "", ylab = "", main = "Arrows,  type = 'curved'")
x  <- seq(0, 10*pi, length.out = 20)
x1 <- sin(x)*x
y1 <- cos(x)*x
xd <- x+0.01
x2 <- sin(xd)*xd
y2 <- cos(xd)*xd
Arrows(x1, y1, x2, y2, arr.type = "curved", arr.length = 0.4, 
       segment = FALSE, code = 1, arr.adj = 0.5 )

plot(sin(xx)*xx, cos(xx)*xx, type = "l", axes = FALSE, 
     xlab = "", ylab = "", main = "Arrows,  type = 'T'")
Arrows(x1, y1, x2, y2, arr.type = "T", arr.length = 0.4, 
       code = 1, arr.lwd = 2)


# arguments passed to polygon:

xlim <- c(-5 , 5)
ylim <- c(-10, 10)
plot(0, type = "n", xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, 
     main = "Arrows,  type = 'curved'")
x0 <- runif(100, xlim[1]-1, xlim[2]+0.5)  # exceeds the x-range
y0 <- runif(100, ylim[1], ylim[2])
x1 <- x0+runif(100, -1, 1)
y1 <- y0+runif(100, -1, 1)
Arrows(x0, y0, x1, y1, arr.length = runif(100), code = 2, 
       arr.type = "curved", arr.col = 1:100, lcol = 1:100, xpd = TRUE)

adds a color legend to a plot.

Description

Adds a color legend to a plot.

Usage

colorlegend(col = femmecol(100), zlim, zlevels = 5, dz = NULL,
            zval = NULL, log = FALSE, posx = c(0.9, 0.93), 
            posy = c(0.05, 0.9), main = NULL, main.cex = 1.0, 
            main.col = "black", lab.col = "black", 
            digit = 0, left = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

Examples

emptyplot(main = "colorlegend")
colorlegend(zlim = c(0, 10))
colorlegend(posx = c(0.8, 0.83), col = greycol(100), 
            zlim = c(0, 1), digit = 1)
colorlegend(posx = c(0.7, 0.73), left = TRUE, col = rainbow(100), 
            zlim = c(0, 10), digit = 1, dz = 2.5)
colorlegend(posx = c(0.5, 0.53), 
            col = intpalette(c("red", "yellow", "black"), 100), 
            zlim = c(0, 20), zval = c(1, 3, 7, 15))
colorlegend(posy = c(0.0, 0.15), posx = c(0.2, 0.3), 
            col = rainbow(100), zlim = c(0, 1), 
            zlevels = NULL, main = "rainbow")
colorlegend(posy = c(0.25, 0.4), posx = c(0.2, 0.3), 
            zlim = c(0, 1), zlevels = NULL, main = "femmecol")
colorlegend(posy = c(0.5, 0.65), posx = c(0.2, 0.3), 
            col = terrain.colors(100), zlim = c(0, 1), 
            zlevels = NULL, main = "terrain.colors")
colorlegend(posy = c(0.75, 0.9), posx = c(0.2, 0.3), 
            col = heat.colors(100), zlim = c(0, 1), 
            zlevels = NULL, main = "heat.colors")

adds part of a cylinder to a plot

Description

adds a segment of a cylinder to a plot

Usage

cylindersegment(rx = 1, ry = rx, from = pi, to = 3*pi/2, len = 1, 
                mid = c(0,0), angle = 0, dr = 0.01, col = "black", 
                delt = 1.0, ...)

Arguments

Details

When angle = 0 (the default), the cylindersegment is parallel to the x-axis.

rx and ry are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the bordering ellipses. Here "horizontal" and "vertical" denote the position BEFORE rotation

if delt > 1, the width of the cylinder will increase from left to right.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledcylinder

Examples

emptyplot(main = "cylindersegment")
cylindersegment(mid = c(0.1, 0.5), rx = 0.1, ry = 0.1, 
                from = pi, to = 3*pi/2, col = "blue",  
                len = 0.5, delt = 1.1, lwd = 2, angle = 90)
cylindersegment(mid = c(0.8, 0.5), rx = 0.1, ry = 0.1, 
                from = 0, to = pi/2, col = "red", len = 0.5, 
                delt = 1.0, lwd = 2, angle = 45)
cylindersegment(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), rx = 0.1, ry = 0.1, 
                from = pi/2, to = pi, col = "lightblue", 
                len = 0.2, delt = 1.5, lwd = 2)  
for (i in seq(0.1, 0.9, 0.1))
  cylindersegment(mid = c(i, 0.9), rx = 0.035, ry = 0.05, 
                  from = pi/2, to = 3*pi/2, col = "darkblue", 
                  len = 0.1, angle = 90)

draping colors over a persp plot

Description

generates color(s) that will appear on the surface facets of a "persp" plot.

Usage

drapecol(A, col = femmecol(100), NAcol = "white", lim = NULL)

Arguments

Value

a vector of character strings giving the colors in hexadecimal format, one for each surface facet.

Note

This function is inspired by a similar function in package fields, unfortunately made unavailable in most recent version of fields

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

persp

Examples

persp(volcano, theta = 135, phi = 30, col = drapecol(volcano),
      main = "drapecol")
persp(volcano, theta = 135, phi = 30, col = drapecol(volcano),
      border = NA, main = "drapecol")

open a plot without axes, labels,...

Description

Creates a plotting region, bounded by xlim and ylim; without axes, labels, titles, useful for plotting shapes.

Usage

emptyplot(xlim = c(0, 1), ylim = xlim, asp = 1, frame.plot = FALSE,
          col = NULL, ...)

Arguments

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

plot, plot.default

red-green-blue color palette

Description

Creates a vector of (n) contiguous colors (darkblue-blue-cyan-yellow-red-darkred).

Usage

femmecol(n = 100)

Arguments

Value

a vector of character strings giving the colors in hexadecimal format

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

rainbow, heat.colors, topo.colors, the comparable R-functions.

intpalette, shadepalette

Examples

filled.contour(volcano, color = femmecol, asp = 1, main = "femmecol")
femmecol(10)
image(matrix(nrow = 1, ncol = 100, data = 1:100), 
      col = femmecol(100), main = "femmecol")

adds colored circle to a plot

Description

plots (part of) outer and inner circle and colors inbetween; color can be a palette.

Usage

filledcircle(r1 = 1, r2 = 0, mid = c(0,0), dr = 0.01, from = -pi, to = pi, 
  col = femmecol(100), values = NULL, zlim = NULL, lwd = 2, lcol = NA, ...)

Arguments

Details

see filledellipse for details

Value

returns, as invisible a list containing "xyouter" and "xyinner", the points that define the outer and inner ellipse.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledshape, filledcylinder, filledellipse

Examples

color <-graycol(n = 50)
dr    <- 0.05
emptyplot(xlim = c(-2, 2), col = color[length(color)], 
          main = "filledcircle")
filledcircle(r1 = 1, mid = c(1, 1), dr = dr, 
          col = shadepalette(endcol = "darkblue")) 
filledcircle(r1 = 1, mid = c(-1, -1), dr = dr, 
          col = shadepalette(endcol = "darkred"))
filledcircle(r1 = 1, r2 = 0.5, mid = c(0, 0), dr = dr, 
          col = c(rev(color), color))
filledcircle(r1 = 1, mid = c(1, -1), dr = dr, 
          col = intpalette(c("red", "blue", "orange"), 100)) 
filledcircle(mid = c(-1, 1))
  
emptyplot(main = "filledcircle")

for (i in seq(0, 0.45, 0.05)) 
   filledcircle(r1 = i+0.05, r2 = i, 
                mid = c(0.5, 0.5), col = i*20)

adds a colored and rotated cylinder to a plot

Description

adds a rotated and colored cylinder to a plot; color can be a palette

Usage

filledcylinder(rx = 1, ry = rx, len = 1, col = femmecol(100), 
              lcol = NA, lwd = 2, lcolint = NULL, ltyint = 1, 
              lwdint = lwd, mid = c(0,0), angle = 0, delt = 1,
              dr = 0.01, topcol = NULL, botcol = NULL, ...)

Arguments

Details

When angle = 0 (the default), the cylinder is parallel to the x-axis

rx and ry are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the bordering ellipses. Here "horizontal" and "vertical" denote the position BEFORE rotation

if delt > 1, the width of the cylinder will increase from left to right.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledellipse, filledshape

Examples

emptyplot(c(-1.2, 1.2), c(-1, 1), main = "filledcylinder")
col  <- c(rev(greycol(n = 50)), greycol(n = 50))
col2 <- shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50)
col3 <- shadepalette("yellow", "black", n = 50)
filledcylinder(rx = 0., ry = 0.2, len = 0.25, angle = 0, col = col,  
          mid = c(-1, 0), topcol = col[25])          
filledcylinder(rx = 0., ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = col, 
          mid = c(-0.5, 0), topcol = col[25])          
filledcylinder(rx = 0.1, ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = c(col2, rev(col2)), 
          mid = c(0.45, 0), topcol = col2[25])          
filledcylinder(rx = 0.05, ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = c(col3, rev(col3)), 
          mid = c(0.9, 0), topcol = col3[25])          
filledcylinder(rx = 0.1, ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = "white",  
          lcol = "black", lcolint = "grey")          
  
emptyplot(c(-1, 1), c(-1, 1), main = "filledcylinder")
col  <- shadepalette("blue", "black", n = 50)
col2 <- shadepalette("red", "black", n = 50)
col3 <- shadepalette("yellow", "black", n = 50)
filledcylinder(rx = 0.025, ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = c(col2, rev(col2)), 
          mid = c(-0.8, 0), topcol = col2[25], delt = -1, lcol = "black")
filledcylinder(rx = 0.1, ry = 0.2, angle = 00, col = c(col, rev(col)), 
          mid = c(0.0, 0.0), topcol = col, delt = -1.2, lcol = "black")
filledcylinder(rx = 0.075, ry = 0.2, angle = 90, col = c(col3, rev(col3)), 
          mid = c(0.8, 0), topcol = col3[25], delt = 0.0, lcol = "black")

adds a colored and rotated ellipse to a plot

Description

plots (part of) outer and inner ellipses and colors inbetween; color can be a palette

Usage

filledellipse(rx1 = 1, rx2 = 0, ry1 = rx1, ry2 = NULL, mid = c(0,0), 
  dr = 0.01, angle = 0, from = -pi, to = pi, col = femmecol(100),  
  values = NULL, zlim = NULL, lwd = 2, lcol = NA, ...)

Arguments

Details

draws (part of) an outer and inner ellipse, as specified by inner and outer radiusses:

rx1,ry1: horizontal and vertical radiusses of outer ellipse; rx2,ry2: same for inner ellipse. Here "horizontal" and "vertical" denote the position BEFORE rotation

Fills with a palette of colors inbetween

values: if not NULL, a matrix providing (radius,z-values) couples, used for coloring. Here radius are positive values denoting the relative distance between the shapes centre and edge. The radiusses are rescaled to be in [0,1] if needed. z-values (2nd column of values) together with zlim and col denote the coloration level.

Colors in col will be interpolated to the z-values and used to color an interval as given by the input radiusses.

If rx2, the radius of the inner ellipse is 0, the ellipse is full.

Value

returns, as invisible a list containing "xyouter" and "xyinner", the points that define the outer and inner ellipse.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledshape, filledcylinder

Examples

color <- greycol(50)
dr    <- 0.05
emptyplot(xlim = c(-2, 2), ylim = c(-2, 2), col = color[length(color)], 
          main = "filledellipse")
filledellipse(rx1 = 1, mid = c(1, 1) , dr = dr, 
              col = shadepalette(endcol = "darkblue")) 
filledellipse(rx1 = 1, ry1 = 0.5, mid = c(-1, -1), dr = dr, angle = 90, 
              col = shadepalette(endcol = "darkred"))
filledellipse(rx1 = 1, ry1 = 0.5, rx2 = 0.5, dr = dr, mid = c(0, 0), 
              col = c(rev(color), color))
filledellipse(rx1 = 0.5, mid = c(1, -1), dr = dr, from = pi,  to = 1.5*pi, 
              col = rev(shadepalette(endcol = "black"))) 
filledellipse(mid = c(-1, 1))  
  
emptyplot(xlim = c(-2, 2), ylim = c(-2, 2), main = "filledellipse")
filledellipse(rx1 = 0.75, mid = c(-1, 1), col = greycol(100) , dr = dr,  
              values = cbind (1:100, (1:100)^0.5))
filledellipse(rx1 = 0.75, mid = c(1, 1), col = greycol(100)  , dr = dr,  
              values = cbind (1:100, (1:100)))
filledellipse(rx1 = 0.75, mid = c(-1, -1), col = greycol(100), dr = dr,  
              values = cbind (1:100, (1:100)^2))
filledellipse(rx1 = 0.75, mid = c(1, -1), col = greycol(100) , dr = dr,  
              values = cbind (1:100, (1:100)^5))

adds a colored and rotated multigonal shape to a plot

Description

draws and colors a rotated shape with equal-sized vertices ; color can be a palette.

Usage

filledmultigonal(mid = c(0, 0), rx = 1, ry = rx, nr = 4, 
                 col = femmecol(100), values = NULL, 
                 zlim = NULL, lwd = 2, lcol = NA, angle = 0, ...)

Arguments

Details

Coloration proceeds from midpoint to external edge

rx,ry: horizontal and vertical radiusses of the shape. Here "horizontal" and "vertical" denote the position BEFORE rotation

values: if not NULL, a matrix providing (radius,z-values) couples, used for coloring. Here radius are positive values denoting the relative distance between the shapes centre and edge. The radiusses are rescaled to be in [0,1] if needed. z-values (2nd column of values) together with zlim and col denote the coloration level.

Colors in col will be interpolated to the z-values and used to color an interval as given by the input radiusses.

Value

returns, as invisible a list containing "xyouter" and "xyinner", the points that define the outer and inner ellipse.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledrectangle, filledshape, filledcylinder, filledellipse

Examples

emptyplot(c(-1, 1), main = "filledmultigonal")

filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.125, nr = 3, mid = c(-0.75, 0.75), 
            angle = 45, col = shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.125, ry = 0.25, nr = 3, mid = c(-0.25, 0.75), 
            col = shadepalette("red", "yellow", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25 , nr = 3, mid = c(0.25, 0.75),  
            col = c("red", "orange"))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25 , nr = 3, mid = c(0.75, 0.75), 
            angle = 90,  col = "red")
 
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25, nr = 4, mid = c(-0.75, 0.25), 
            angle = 0, col = shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25, nr = 4, mid = c(-0.25, 0.25),  
            angle = 45, col = shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.125, nr = 4, mid = c(0.25, 0.25), 
            angle = 0, col = shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.125, nr = 4, mid = c(0.75, 0.25), 
            angle = 45, col = shadepalette("red", "blue", n = 50))
  
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25, nr = 5, mid = c(-0.75, -0.25),  
            angle = 0, col = shadepalette("darkgreen", "lightgreen", n = 50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, angle = 0, nr = 5, mid = c(-0.25, -0.25), 
            col = rainbow(50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, angle = 30, nr = 6, mid = c(0.25, -0.25), 
            col = femmecol(50))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, ry = 0.125, angle = 30, nr = 6, mid = c(0.75, -0.25), 
            col = "black")
  
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, col = "darkblue", nr = 7, mid = c(-0.75, -0.75))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, col = "darkblue", nr = 9, mid = c(-0.25, -0.75))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, col = "darkblue", nr = 3.7, mid = c(0.25, -0.75))
filledmultigonal(rx = 0.25, col = "darkblue", nr = 4.5, mid = c(0.75, -0.75))

adds a colored and rotated rectangle to a plot

Description

plots and colors a rotated rectangle; color can be a palette

Usage

filledrectangle(mid = c(0, 0), wx = 1, wy = wx, col = femmecol(100), 
                values = NULL, zlim = NULL, lwd = 2, lcol = NA, 
                angle = 0, ...)

Arguments

Details

If angle=0, coloration starts from top to bottom. This is different from filledmultigonal, where coloration proceeds from middle to external

wx,wy: horizontal and vertical width of the shape Here "horizontal" and "vertical" denote the position BEFORE rotation

values: if not NULL, a matrix providing (radius,z-values) couples, used for coloring. Here radius are positive values denoting the relative distance between the shapes centre and edge. The radiusses are rescaled to be in [0,1] if needed. z-values (2nd column of values) together with zlim and col denote the coloration level.

Colors in col will be interpolated to the z-values and used to color an interval as given by the input radiusses.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledmultigonal, filledshape, filledcylinder, filledellipse

polygon, rect for corresponding R-functions.

Examples

color <- shadepalette(grey(0.3), "lightblue", n = 50)
emptyplot(main = "filledrectangle")
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = 0)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.25, wy = 0.25, col = "darkblue", 
                mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = 45)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.125, wy = 0.125, col = c("lightblue","blue"),
                mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = 90)
  
color <- shadepalette(grey(0.3), "blue", n = 50)
emptyplot(c(-1, 1), main = "filledrectangle")
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(0, 0), angle = 0)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = 90)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(-0.5, -0.5), angle = -90)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(0.5, -0.5), angle = 180)
filledrectangle(wx = 0.5, wy = 0.5, col = color, 
                mid = c(-0.5, 0.5), angle = 270)

adds a colored shape to a plot

Description

plots outer and inner shape and colors inbetween; color can be a palette

Usage

filledshape(xyouter, xyinner = colMeans(xyouter), 
            col = femmecol(100), values = NULL, 
            zlim = NULL, lcol = NA, lwd = 2, ...)

Arguments

Details

draws and outer and inner shape, as specified in xyouter, and xyinner and fills with a palette of colors inbetween;

values: if not null, a matrix providing (radius,z-values) couples, used for coloring. Here radius are positive values denoting the relative distance between the shapes centre and edge. The radiusses are rescaled to be in [0,1] if needed. z-values (2nd column of values) together with zlim and col denote the coloration level.

Colors in col will be interpolated to the z-values and used to color an interval as given by the input radiusses.

If xyinner is a point, the shape is full.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

filledellipse, filledcylinder

Examples

#an egg
color <-greycol(100)
emptyplot(c(-3.2, 3.2), col = color[length(color)], main = "filledshape")
b <- 4
a <- 9
x      <- seq(-sqrt(a), sqrt(a), by = 0.01)
g      <- b-b/a*x^2 - 0.2*b*x + 0.2*b/a*x^3
g[g<0] <- 0
x1     <- c(x, rev(x))
g1     <- c(sqrt(g), rev(-sqrt(g)))
xouter <- cbind(x1, g1)
xouter <- rbind(xouter, xouter[1,])
filledshape(xouter, xyinner = c(-1, 0), col = color)
  
# a mill
color <- shadepalette(grey(0.3), "yellow", n = 50)
emptyplot(c(-3.3, 3.3), col = color[length(color)], main = "filledshape")
x <- seq(0, 0.8*pi, pi/100)
y <- sin(x)
xouter <- cbind(x, y)

for (i in seq(0, 360, 60)) 
  xouter <- rbind(xouter, rotatexy(cbind(x, y), mid = c(0, 0), angle = i))
filledshape(xouter, c(0, 0), col = color)
  
# abstract art
emptyplot(col = "darkgrey", main = "filledshape")
filledshape(matrix(ncol = 2, runif(100)), col = "darkblue")

x-y coordinates of ellipse

Description

calculates x-y values for (part of) an ellipse; the ellipse can be rotated

Usage

getellipse(rx = 1, ry = rx, mid = c(0, 0), dr = 0.01, 
           angle = 0, from = -pi, to = pi)

Arguments

Details

rx and ry are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the ellipses.

points from and to are joined counterclockwise. (this has changed since version 1.3.4).

Value

a 2-column matrix with x-y values of the ellipse

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

plotellipse, filledellipse

Examples

plot(getellipse(1, from = 0, to = pi/2), type = "l", col = "red",
     lwd = 2, main = "getellipse")
lines(getellipse(0.5, 0.25, mid = c(0.5, 0.5)), type = "l", 
      col = "blue", lwd = 2)
lines(getellipse(0.5, 0.25, mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = 45), 
      type = "l", col = "green", lwd = 2)

lines(getellipse(0.2, 0.2, mid = c(0.5, 0.5), from = 0, to = pi/2), 
      type = "l", col = "orange", lwd = 2)
lines(getellipse(0.2, 0.2, mid = c(0.5, 0.5), from = pi/2, to = 0), 
      type = "l", col = "black", lwd = 2)
lines(getellipse(0.1, 0.1, mid = c(0.75, 0.5), from = -pi/2, to = pi/2), 
      type = "l", col = "black", lwd = 2)

emptyplot(main = "getellipse")
col <- femmecol(90)
for (i in seq(0, 180, by = 2)) 
      lines(getellipse(0.5, 0.25, mid = c(0.5, 0.5), angle = i),
            type = "l", col = col[(i/2)+1], lwd = 2)

white-black color palette

Description

Creates a vector of (n) contiguous colors from white/grey to black

Usage

greycol(n = 100, interval = c(0.0, 0.7))

Arguments

Details

greycol is an alias of graycol

Value

a vector of character strings giving the colors in hexadecimal format.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

rainbow, heat.colors, topo.colors, femmecol

Examples

filled.contour(volcano, color = graycol, asp = 1, main = "greycol,graycol")
graycol(10)
image(matrix(nrow = 1, ncol = 100, data = 1:100),
      col = graycol(100), main = "greycol,graycol")

color palettes

Description

Returns color(s) that are a linear interpolation of a given set of colors.

Usage

intpalette(inputcol, numcol = length(x.to), x.from = NULL, x.to = NULL)

Arguments

Details

Return value is a vector of *colors* in hexadecimal format.

This is different from colorRamp(R function), that returns a *function*

Value

a vector of character strings giving the interpolated colors in hexadecimal format

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

greycol, femmecol, shadepalette, colorRamp for comparable R function

Examples

intpalette(c("white", "black"), n = 10)
grey(seq(1, 0, length.out = 10))
image(matrix(nrow = 1,ncol = 100, data = 1:100),
      col = intpalette(c("red", "blue"), numcol = 100),
      main = "intpalette")
image(matrix(nrow = 1, ncol = 100, data = 1:100),
      col = intpalette(c("red", "blue", "yellow"), numcol = 100),
      main = "intpalette")

adds part of a colored circle to a plot

Description

adds (part of) a colored circle to a plot; an arrow can be drawn at a specified position

Usage

plotcircle(r = 1, ...)

Arguments

Details

plotcircle calls plotellipse, making sure that the figure drawn effectively looks like a circle. For graphs that have both axes of equal size, the circle will be equal to the ellipse with equal rx and ry. See second example

see plotellipse for details

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

plotellipse to draw ellipses

Examples

# symmetrical axes
emptyplot(c(0, 1))
plotcircle(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), r = 0.25, from = 0, to = 3*pi/2,
           arrow = TRUE, arr.pos = 0.5, col = "red")
# symmetrical
plotellipse(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), rx = 0.2, ry = 0.2, 
           arrow = TRUE, arr.pos = 0.5, col = "blue")


#non-symmetrical axes
emptyplot(c(0, 1), c(0, 2), main = "plotcircle", asp = FALSE)
plotcircle(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), r = 0.25, from = 0, to = 3*pi/2,
           arrow = TRUE, arr.pos = 0.5, col = "red")
plotellipse(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), rx = 0.25, ry = 0.25, 
           arrow = TRUE, arr.pos = 0.5, col = "blue")

adds part of a colored and rotated ellipse to a plot

Description

adds (part of) a colored, and rotated ellipse to a plot; an arrow can be drawn at a specified position.

Usage

plotellipse(rx = 1, ry = 0.2, mid = c(0,0), dr = 0.01, 
            angle = 0, from = -pi, to = pi, type = "l", lwd = 2,
            lcol = "black", col = NULL, arrow = FALSE, 
            arr.length = 0.4, arr.width = arr.length*0.5, 
            arr.type = "curved", arr.pos = 1, arr.code = 2, 
            arr.adj = 0.5, arr.col = "black", ...)

Arguments

Details

rx and ry are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the ellipses.

The ellipse is drawn from the point defined by from to the point defined as to which are joined anti-clockwise.

if arrow is TRUE, an arrow is drawn along the path of the ellipse.

arr.length and arr.width set the size of the arrow.

The type of the arrowhead is set with arr.type which can take the values:

• "simple" : uses comparable R function arrows.

• "triangle": uses filled triangle.

• "curved" : draws arrowhead with curved edges.

• "circle" : draws circular head.

arr.pos, a real value between 0 and 1 gives the position (0=start,1=end).

arr.col specifies the color, arr.code specifies where the angle points to.

arr.adj specifies the position adjustment - see Arrows for details.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

getellipse, filledellipse, plotcircle.

Examples

emptyplot(c(-1, 1), main = "plotellipse")
plotellipse(rx = 0.8, ry = 0.3, angle = 60, col = "blue")
plotellipse(rx = 1.0, ry = 0.6, angle = 0, from = pi, to = 2*pi,
            arrow = TRUE, arr.pos = seq(0.1, 0.5, by = 0.1),
            arr.col = rainbow(5))
plotellipse(rx = 1.0, ry = 0.6, angle = 30, from = pi, to = 1.2*pi,
            col = "red")
plotellipse(rx = 0.1, ry = 0.6, from = 1.5*pi, to = pi,
            lcol = "orange", mid = c(0.2,0.2))
plotellipse(rx = 0.1, ry = 0.6, angle = 30, from = 1.5*pi, to = pi,
            lcol = "orange", mid = c(0.2,0.2))

rotates 2-column matrix around a midpoint

Description

rotates xy values around a midpoint; xy is either a 2-columned matrix or a 2-valued vector

Usage

rotatexy(xy, angle, mid = colMeans(xy), asp = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

a 2-column matrix with rotated values

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

Examples

x <- seq(0, 2*pi, pi/100)
y <- sin(x)
cols <- intpalette(c("blue", "green", "yellow", "red"), n = 500)
cols <- c(cols,rev(cols))
plot(x, y, type = "l", ylim = c(-3, 3), main = "rotatexy", 
     col = cols[1], lwd = 2)
for (i in 2:1000) 
  lines(rotatexy( cbind(x, y), angle = 0.18*i),
        col = cols[i], lwd = 2)
  
cols <- femmecol(1000)
plot(x, y, xlim = c(-1, 1), ylim = c(-1, 1), main = "rotatexy",
     col = cols[1], type = "n")
for (i in 2:1000) {
  xy <- rotatexy(c(0, 1), angle = 0.36*i, mid = c(0,0))
  points(xy[1], xy[2], col = cols[i], pch = ".", cex = 2)
}

adds a rounded rectangular box to a plot

Description

adds a rectangular box with rounded left and right edges to a plot

Usage

roundrect(mid, radx, rady, rx = rady, dr = 0.01, 
          col = "white", lcol = "black", lwd = 2, angle = 0, ...)

Arguments

Details

radx and rady are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the box; rx is the horizontal radius of the rounded part.

Here horizontal and vertical denote the position BEFORE rotation.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

Examples

emptyplot(c(-0.1, 1.1), main = "roundrect")
for (i in 1:10) 
  roundrect(mid = runif(2), col = i, radx = 0.1, rady = 0.05)
for (i in 1:5)
  roundrect(mid = runif(2), col = greycol(20), radx = 0.05,
            rady = 0.05, angle = runif(1)*360)

color palette inbetween two extremes

Description

Returns color(s) that are a linear interpolation between two colors

these colors are suitable for shading shapes

Usage

shadepalette(n = 100, endcol = "red", inicol = "white", 
             interval = c(0.0, 1.0))

Arguments

Value

a vector of character strings giving the interpolated colors in hexadecimal format

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

See Also

intpalette, grey, femmecol colorRamp for comparable R functions.

Examples

shadepalette(n = 10, "white", "black")
image(matrix(nrow = 1, ncol = 100, data = 1:100),
      col = shadepalette(100, "red", "blue"), main = "shadepalette")

adds a filled rounded rectangular box with a text to a plot

Description

adds a rectangular box with rounded left and right edges to a plot

Usage

textflag(mid, radx, rady, rx = rady, dr = 0.01, 
         col = femmecol(100), lcol = "white", 
         bcol = lcol, lwd = 2, angle = 0, lab = NULL, 
         leftright = TRUE, tcol = NULL, ...)

Arguments

Details

radx and rady are the horizontal and vertical radiusses of the box; rx is the horizontal radius of the rounded part.

Here horizontal and vertical denote the position BEFORE rotation.

This function is similar to function roundrect, except that coloring is from left to right.

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

Examples

emptyplot()
textflag(mid = c(0.5, 0.5), radx = 0.5, rady = 0.1, 
         lcol = "white",  lab = "hello", cex = 5, font = 2:3)
 
textflag(mid = c(0.5, 0.15), radx = 0.5, rady = 0.1, 
         rx = 0.3,lcol = "black", lab = "hello 2", cex = 4, 
         font = 2, angle = 20, tcol = "darkblue")
  
textflag(mid = c(0.5, 0.85), radx = 0.5, rady = 0.1, rx = 0.03,
         lcol = "white", lab = "hello 3", cex = 4, font = 2, 
         leftright = FALSE)

adds a label next to a plot

Description

adds one-character label on left-upper margin, next to a plot

Usage

writelabel(text = NULL, nr = 1, at = -0.1, line = 1, cex = 1.5, ...)

Arguments

Author(s)

Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

Examples

plot(runif(2), main = "writelabel")
writelabel("A")
writelabel("B", at = 0)
writelabel("C", at = 1)